'Emergency' by Denis Johnson

Today on the blog, I am talking about 'Emergency' by Denis Johnson. This is perhaps the most critically acclaimed story in Jesus' Son and much has been written about the story. I hope to contribute new insights into this story based on my own perspective.

This first thing I noticed about 'Emergency' is its pacing. The story jumps around quite a bit and there are many sections which comprise less than a paragraph. I had more fun reading 'Emergency' than I had reading other stories in Jesus' Son. The story is also hilarious. There are clear punchline moments meant to provoke laughter such as when a doctor enters a room where a man sits with a knife protruding from his eye. "What seems to be the trouble?" is the doctor's response to the situation.

"Emergency" is told from the point of view of a man working the overnight shift in the emergency room at a hospital. Drugs are this man's main focus. He is friends with an orderly named Georgie who steals drugs from the hospital. Something about working a graveyard shift messes with the body's rhythms. It's the kind of job someone takes because they would rather walk around doing nothing than work. I have not worked a graveyard shift myself but I can imagine the difficulty of being awake when one would normally be asleep.

This is a story where not a lot happens. Generally I do not mind reading stories like 'Emergency' which lack dramatic conflict. I can enjoy reading fiction without a dramatic narrative because I like to focus more on language and the way that language is used by the storyteller. This is why I read stories. Johnson is a master of using sensory details in his fiction. Reading 'Emergency' give you all kinds of sights, smells and sounds of its world and these details are not overwhelming. Johnson uses sensory detail like a chef might use different spices. They add flavor and variety in a subtle yet noticeable fashion.

The same thing that makes you laugh will make you cry. While I find 'Emergency' to be a funny story, I can't help but acknowledge that the story left me with a tragic feeling. The title alludes to this feeling as well. The story exists in a state of tension where the stakes are life and death. This sentiment is echoed in the final final line of dialogue, where Georgie states the he saves lives for a living. 'Emergency' deals with some heavy ideas and the more you dig into the story's layers of meaning, the richer it becomes. This is what makes 'Emergency' a great work of literature.

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Analysis of 'Work' by Denis Johnson

My new year's resolution was to write more but I decided to wait a month before writing. I started in February instead of January.

Today I am writing about Denis Johnson's story 'Work' from Jesus' Son.

At the beginning of 'Work' the narrator is not in a good place. He has lost his girlfriend after a fight and he is feeling pretty crappy. He goes to a bar called The Vine where he meets an old friend named Wayne. Instead of passing out in a corner as he planned, our narrator accompanies Wayne on a job. The two men drive in a sixty-dollar Chevrolet to a riverbank next to a dozen abandoned houses. The narrator assumes that this is a burglary job but Wayne asserts, "You can't burgulate a forgotten, empty house." The legality of what is taking place is somewhat unclear but we can probably assume that this job is more honest than the work our narrator is used to doing. There are no victims that we can identify except for the house itself which is of course abandoned and forgotten. If the wires in the house were valuable, they would already have been taken.

Later on we learn that the house belonged to Wayne at one point in time. We are left to imagine what must have happened to Wayne to make him desperate enough to tear down the walls of his own house for the copper wires. The narrator vomits because the work is hard. A boat drives by with a naked woman attached by rope to a kite one hundred feet in the air. This woman is Wayne's wife.

The narrator earns $28 for the copper wire he collected. He goes back to The Vine with Wayne who accuses "the biggest, blackest man in Iowa" of cheating at cards. Wayne somehow survives this confrontation without injury. The narrator admits to this being one of the best days of his life. This sentiment felt a bit strange to me at first since this story is not exactly uplifting. The narrator is feeling much better about himself because he is with his buddy Wayne and he feels tired from working. Not to mention the bartender has been generous when pouring drinks.

I'm most impressed by Johnson's writing style in this story. There are many small moments in this story that appeared unimportant at first but seemed more meaningful on a second reading. The main theme that Johnson explores here is the effect of time passing. The narrator is looking into the past as he tells this story with knowledge of what will happen in the future. The Vine will be demolished and the bartender will be beaten by her boyfriend. These are tragic events but the narrator chooses to focus on why this day was meaningful for him. It's important to find moments of happiness when life is tough.

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Dundun

The title of this story refers to a character who Fuckhead, the narrator, visits to get some opium. Fuckhead learns that Dundun has shot another character named McInnes who is fortunately still alive. Fuckhead goes inside of a house to see for himself that Mcinnes has been shot. It looks pretty bad so Fuckhead decides that he will drive Mcinnes to the hospital with Dundun and Jack Hotel tagging along.

Mcinnes dies in the backseat before Fuckhead makes it to the hospital. Dundun says to throw Mcinnes out of the car. Fuckhead and Dundun are disturbed that Mcinnes has died but they pretend not to care.The final paragraphs of this brief story add some background to Dundun's character:

"His left hand didn't know what his right hand was doing. It was only that certain important connections had been burned through. If I opened up your head and ran a hot soldering iron around in your brain, I might turn you into someone like that." (51).

Fuckhead believes that Dundun is not in control of his actions. Fuckhead says that people like Dundun are created through a process similar to a soldering iron being ran through someones brain, burning the important connections, a disturbing image to say the least. Fuckehad wants us to understand that dangerous people like Dundun do not exist in a vacuum. They are created by other people.

The lesson of this story is that a first impressions are not necessarily correct. It's tragic that Mcinnes dies and it is normal to want to blame the person who shot him -- but Johnson reminds us that blame usually lies with much more than just one person. Trying to understand why Dundun is the way he is is more honorable a task than writing him off as a sadistic murderer. Most people would choose the latter but Fuckhead and Johnson seem to think that this choice fails to capture the entire story. I believe this is the main lesson that Johnson hopes to teach his readers.

Other people have written online about "Dundun". Check out this short but insightful piece from treehousemag.com. As Denis Johnson teaches us, it is better to understand something from multiple perspectives than it is to go with your gut reaction. If you have any thoughts or questions related to "Dundun" please leave them in a comment. Thanks for reading.

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Car Crash while Hitchhiking Summary and Analysis

Summary

The story begins with the narrator waking up in a delirious state. The narrator has done a lot of drugs with a salesman, a Cherokee Indian and a college student. The narrator is in pain but he also seems strangely coherent. He states that he can sense things before they happen.

The narrator is picked up by a family in an Oldsmobile. The narrator knows that there will be a car crash but he chooses to say nothing and goes to sleep. The Oldsmobile crashes into another car and the narrator takes the baby into the night. Walking by the other car, the narrator notices a person lying on the ground. The narrator can tell that this person will soon die and later refers to him as the "dying man". The narrator is taken to a hospital where he sees the wife of the dying man. The wife shrieks like an eagle and the narrator states that hearing the shriek actually felt wonderful. The narrator then describes lying on a hospital bed and being given vitamins by a nurse. Then he describes an outdoor setting while directly addressing the readers of the story.

Analysis

In "Car Crash while Hitchhiking" Denis Johnson introduces us to the narrator that will remain throughout all of the stories in the book Jesus' Son. We do not learn the narrator's name until later in the book. It's a mysterious story without barely any explanation. The narrator's tone is similar to that of a journalist attempting to describe something as clearly as possible. The problem is that the narrator is high on several kinds of drugs which threatens the reliability of his story. The ending of the story presents the possibility that the entire story is just a hallucination occurring in the narrator's mind. Although we have no reason to suspect that the narrator is a bad person, his actions in the story make him seem self-interested. 

Another reasons why I believe this story occurs in the narrator's head is that he claims to possess the ability to see the future. I find it hard to understand why Johnson chose to include this element in the story. It does not serve a purpose for the story, seeing how the narrator does not act on his premonitions. The narrator is either too stoned or too tired to share his knowledge of the future. The only times the narrator expresses any feelings on the events taking place are when he sees the dying man on the road and when he hears the wife of the dying man shriek in the hospital. The narrator does not express grief during these moments but he does express feelings of awe.

"Car Crash while Hitchhiking" is an aberration of normal storytelling. There is a climactic event some exposition but none of the characters possess an arc and the story might be merely a figment of the narrator's imagination. There is more work than usual on the reader's end to find meaning because the story's purpose is unclear. 

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